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 from Jacobin  https://jacobin.com/2022/06/afro-pessimism-frank-wilderson-socialism-flattening-racism "Yet when it comes to “natal alienation,” the historical record is replete with examples of enslaved people throughout the Americas demonstrating agency in forming and protecting their own kin and progeny, as well as creating and maintaining creolized cultures throughout the hemisphere and maintaining differences of rank among the enslaved themselves. For example, in Fractional Freedoms: Slavery, Intimacy, and Legal Mobilization in Colonial Lima, 1600-1700, Michelle A. McKinley uses a wealth of archival material to tell the stories of how enslaved Limeño litigants used the courts to keep their families together. She found two hundred fifty spousal unity cases between 1593 and 1699 from the ecclesiastical court records, detailing the struggles of slaves like María de Terranova, who protested the prolonged absence of her husband Francisco in Lima’s ecclesiastical court in January 16